Biodiverse landscapes steeped in culture
Connecting Landscapes and People to Nature
Romania is home to some of Europe’s most ecologically valuable landscapes, from the Carpathian Mountains to the rich freshwater systems that shape the land. Fauna & Flora’s work in Romania focuses on strengthening the connection between people and nature, ensuring that conservation efforts support both biodiversity and local communities.
The country’s traditional rural farming practices, thriving cultural landscapes, and unique mosaic of small-scale agriculture have sustained biodiversity for generations. However, increasing environmental pressures threaten these landscapes, making conservation action critical.
What Wildlife Does Romania Support?
- Freshwater systems: Romania’s far reaching network of rivers and streams support rare and endangered species, such as the elusive European mink and the critically endangered asprete fish, found in only one remote river.
- High nature value farmland: The meadows and pasturelands of Transylvania sustain a rich variety of flora and fauna, with traditional hay meadows, smallholder farming, and sustainable land use playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity.
- Large carnivores: Romania is one of the few places in Europe where large carnivores like bears and wolves continue to thrive, highlighting the importance of habitat connectivity and coexistence.
A grey wolf preying on deer. © Szymon Bartosz / Adobe Stock
A grey wolf preying on deer.
33%
33% of Europe’s brown bears are found in Romania.
1,000
1,000 plant species occur in the 1,000 km2 Târnava Mare landscape.
Fauna & Flora’s work in Romania
Restoring Freshwater Systems
Romania’s freshwater ecosystems are facing increasing threats, from droughts to severe flooding. By restoring river systems and natural processes, and improving ecological connectivity, we are helping safeguard these essential waterways for both people and wildlife. Our work aligns with the Open Rivers Programme, supporting natural water flows to return, benefiting species and habitats.
Building Resilient Communities and Community-led Conservation
Empowering local communities is at the heart of our conservation approach. We work with rural farmers and landowners who practice traditional, sustainable agriculture, ensuring their knowledge and livelihoods remain integral to conservation efforts. The Zarand Landscape Initiative in Apuseni- Southern Carpathian Ecological Corridor is a key example of how we support habitat restoration while maintaining the region’s cultural heritage.
The resurgence of large carnivores in Romania brings both challenges and opportunities. We are working with local communities to develop resilience strategies that support coexistence with bears and wolves, ensuring that conservation efforts benefit both wildlife and people.
Through ecological restoration, sustainable land management, and community-driven conservation, Fauna & Flora is helping to build a future where Romania’s landscapes, wildlife, and people thrive together.
Resilient Forests, Responsible Forestry and Habitat Restoration
Fauna & Flora owns 400 hectares of forest and 133 hectares of mixed agricultural land, providing models for sustainable forestry and land management that support local communities and biodiversity. By working closely with local communities, we promote responsible timber management that balances conservation needs with local livelihoods.
Fauna & Flora staff working with a shepard in Romania. © Daniel Mîrlea / Fauna & Flora
Fauna & Flora staff working with a shepard in Romania.