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©  Zafer Kizilkaya

© Zafer Kizilkaya

Indonesia

A unique and biodiverse archipelago

Indonesia is unquestionably one of the most biodiverse countries in the world; home to vast forests and the largest tropical peatland in the world, as well as an estimated 14% of the world’s mammal species, 17% of bird species and 9% of freshwater species.

A large archipelago nation, Indonesia comprises over 17,000 islands, though fewer than 1,000 are permanently inhabited. Straddling the equator, it has a hot, humid tropical climate which allows many species to thrive. It also has more volcanoes than any other country in the world and – due to this unusual geology – has a high level of endemism. Species including the anoa, Komodo dragon and Wilson’s bird of paradise can be found only in Indonesia.

Indonesia is a unique haven for nature, but it faces numerous challenges that threaten to undermine this status. Fauna & Flora and our in-country partners are supporting the government of Indonesia to address these.

What wildlife does Indonesia support?

Indonesia is most famously home to beloved megafauna including the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran rhinoceros and several species of orang-utan. But there are plenty of lesser-known plant and animal species residing in these unusual, beautiful isles too, from dwarf buffaloes to rare orchids.

Indonesia supports approximately 31,750 plant species, 732 mammal species, 1,711 bird species, 750 reptile species, 403 amphibian species and 1,236 freshwater fish species.

Notably, the country is home to an estimated 20% of the world’s mangroves – the largest mangrove ecosystem in the world, covering around 3.3 million hectares.

Camera traps reveal some of the incredible animals found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Fauna & Flora’s work in Indonesia

Fauna & Flora’s work in Indonesia started in 1996, when we first started collaborating with the country’s Institute of Science. In 2000 we were assigned by the Government of Indonesia to work in partnership with the country’s Ministry of Forestry. Since then, we have built up an extensive network of in-country partners, including forest-edge communities, civil society organisations, government and private businesses.

Thanks to these partnerships, we’ve seen real improvements for nature in Indonesia – not least for tigers. One of the flagship projects in the country is our work with partners in Kerinci Seblat National Park on tiger protection and monitoring, including preventing poaching and illegal trade in tigers and tiger parts.

This work – which involves an innovative collaboration with park authorities and local communities – has resulted in tiger numbers stabilising. The team also responds to human-wildlife conflict and other wildlife emergencies and works to secure key tiger habitat in and around the park.

In addition to our tiger work, our other projects in Indonesia cover a wide range of conservation initiatives, including sustainable forest management, marine conservation, action for threatened trees and collaborative management and livelihood improvement, working together with Indigenous Peoples and local communities.

More about our work in Indonesia

Village forest conservation in Kerinci Seblat buffer zone
© Edy Susanto / Fauna & Flora
Project

Village forest conservation in Kerinci Seblat buffer zone

Fauna & Flora is working with local communities and the government to safeguard rural livelihoods and forest habitats in...
Northern Aceh forest conservation
© Juan Pablo Moreiras / Fauna & Flora
Project

Northern Aceh forest conservation

Fauna & Flora is collaborating with communities, local government, conservation agencies and rangers to protect threaten...
Conserving ‘ridge to reef’ in Papua, Indonesia
© Fibrian Yusefa Ardi / Fauna & Flora
Project

Conserving ‘ridge to reef’ in Papua, Indonesia

Fauna & Flora is conserving Papua’s terrestrial and marine ecosystems with support from communities, the local governmen...
Conserving Sumatran tigers in Kerinci Seblat National Park
© Fauna & Flora / KSNP
Project

Conserving Sumatran tigers in Kerinci Seblat National Park

Fauna & Flora is working with park authorities and local communities to protect the critically endangered Sumatran tiger...
Catalysing action for Indonesia’s threatened trees
© Yanuar Ishaq Dc / Fauna & Flora
Project

Catalysing action for Indonesia’s threatened trees

Fauna & Flora and local partners are supporting the Ministry of Environment and Forestry to develop and implement a nati...
Asian elephant
Asian elephant collecting grass in woodland habitat. © Nick Everett / Getty Images
Species

Asian elephant

Delve into the life of Asia's largest land mammal and discover how Fauna & Flora is addressing the increasing threats to...
Hornbills
Great hornbill. © Biraj Sarkar/ BIA / Minden / Nature Picture Library
Species

Hornbills

Hornbills are under threat from deforestation and hunting. Find out more about these extraordinary birds and how we can ...
Sumatran tiger
Sumatran tiger close up. © Ondřej Prosický / Adobe Stock
Species

Sumatran tiger

Feast on fascinating facts about Indonesia's last surviving tiger and how we're supporting the country's efforts to prot...
Pangolins
Sunda pangolin © Bjorn Olesen
Species

Pangolins

Meet the world's most trafficked mammals and discover how Fauna & Flora is tackling the threats to their survival in Afr...