A unique and biodiverse archipelago
Indonesia is unquestionably one of the most biodiverse countries in the world; home to vast forests and the largest tropical peatland in the world, as well as an estimated 14% of the world’s mammal species, 17% of bird species and 9% of freshwater species.
A large archipelago nation, Indonesia comprises over 17,000 islands, though fewer than 1,000 are permanently inhabited. Straddling the equator, it has a hot, humid tropical climate which allows many species to thrive. It also has more volcanoes than any other country in the world and – due to this unusual geology – has a high level of endemism. Species including the anoa, Komodo dragon and Wilson’s bird of paradise can be found only in Indonesia.
Indonesia is a unique haven for nature, but it faces numerous challenges that threaten to undermine this status. Fauna & Flora and our in-country partners are supporting the government of Indonesia to address these.
What wildlife does Indonesia support?
Indonesia is most famously home to beloved megafauna including the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran rhinoceros and several species of orang-utan. But there are plenty of lesser-known plant and animal species residing in these unusual, beautiful isles too, from dwarf buffaloes to rare orchids.
Indonesia supports approximately 31,750 plant species, 732 mammal species, 1,711 bird species, 750 reptile species, 403 amphibian species and 1,236 freshwater fish species.
Notably, the country is home to an estimated 20% of the world’s mangroves – the largest mangrove ecosystem in the world, covering around 3.3 million hectares.
Fauna & Flora’s work in Indonesia
Fauna & Flora’s work in Indonesia started in 1996, when we first started collaborating with the country’s Institute of Science. In 2000 we were assigned by the Government of Indonesia to work in partnership with the country’s Ministry of Forestry. Since then, we have built up an extensive network of in-country partners, including forest-edge communities, civil society organisations, government and private businesses.
Thanks to these partnerships, we’ve seen real improvements for nature in Indonesia – not least for tigers. One of the flagship projects in the country is our work with partners in Kerinci Seblat National Park on tiger protection and monitoring, including preventing poaching and illegal trade in tigers and tiger parts.
This work – which involves an innovative collaboration with park authorities and local communities – has resulted in tiger numbers stabilising. The team also responds to human-wildlife conflict and other wildlife emergencies and works to secure key tiger habitat in and around the park.
In addition to our tiger work, our other projects in Indonesia cover a wide range of conservation initiatives, including sustainable forest management, marine conservation, action for threatened trees and collaborative management and livelihood improvement, working together with Indigenous Peoples and local communities.